一、说明

1. 业务场景

• 直播源是rtsp或rtmp等，播放端不支持直接播放rtsp(如网页播放)
• 源视频带宽和负载有限，不支持很多用户访问
• 客户端点播

2. 流程

1. 使用ffmpeg从节目源拉流
2. 推流到nginx-rtmp/flv服务
3. 客户端从nginx服务器拉流观看视频

3. 本文工具

• ffmpeg
• nginx
• VLC(用来测试拉流)

以下两个模块选择一个安装：

• nginx-http-flv-module
• nginx-rtmp-module

其实nginx flv也是基于nginx-rtmp-module的流媒体服务器。

功能对比：

功能nginx-http-flv-modulenginx-rtmp-module备注HTTP-FLV (播放)√x支持HTTPS-FLV和chunked回复GOP缓存√x虚拟主机√x省略listen配置√见备注配置中必须有一个listen纯音频支持√见备注wait_video或wait_key开启后无法工作定时打印访问记录√xJSON风格的stat√x

二、FFMPEG 的安装

1. Ubuntu环境

(1) apt-get安装

# 可通过PPA进行安装
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kirillshkrogalev/ffmpeg-next
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ffmpeg

# 查看是否安装成功：
ffmpeg -version

(2) 编译安装

sudo apt-get install -y autoconf automake build-essential git libass-dev libfreetype6-dev libsdl2-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libtheora-dev libtool libva-dev libvdpau-dev libvorbis-dev libxcb1-dev libxcb-shm0-dev libxcb-xfixes0-dev pkg-config texinfo wget zlib1g-dev  
sudo apt-get install -y nasam yasm cmake mercurial  

./configure --enable-shared  --prefix=/usr/local/ffmpeg --disable-x86asm
sudo make 
sudo make install

在 /etc/ld.so.conf中，末尾添加 /usr/local/ffmpeg/lib，执行sudo ldconfig

为 ffmpeg 加入环境变量

vi /etc/profile

加入以下内容:

export PATH="/usr/local/ffmpeg/bin:$PATH"

然后保存并运行source /etc/profile

2. CentOS7(支持nVidia硬件解码)

硬件环境：nVidia 20602块

(1) 安装nVidia驱动

(A) yum方式安装nVidia驱动

rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-2.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
yum install yum-plugin-fastestmirror
sudo vim /lib/modprobe.d/dist-blacklist.conf

dist-blacklist.conf

#blacklist nvidiafb
blacklist nouveau
options nouveau modeset=0

mv /boot/initramfs-$(uname -r).img /boot/initramfs-$(uname -r).img.bak
dracut /boot/initramfs-$(uname -r).img $(uname -r)
lspci | grep nouveau

没有输出，说明屏蔽默认带有的nouveau成功。

一些命令：

sudo yum install nvidia-detect   nvidia显卡检测
nvidia-detect -v                       检测结果
# yum -y install kmod-nvidia     安装显卡驱动 这一步应该不需要 

(B) run脚本方式安装nVidia驱动

参考：https://github.com/keylase/nvidia-patch

cd /opt/nvidia
wget https://international.download.nvidia.com/XFree86/Linux-x86_64/430.40/NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-430.40.run
chmod +x NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-430.40.run
./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-430.40.run --kernel-source-path=/usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-957.27.2.el7.x86_64
# 下面是移除NVENC同时运行最大数量的限制 restriction on maximum number of simultaneous NVENC
git clone https://github.com/keylase/nvidia-patch
cd nvidia-patch
bash ./patch.sh

如果需要卸载，使用命令：

./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-430.40.run --uninstall

(2) 安装Cuda

参考

sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/rhel7/x86_64/cuda-rhel7.repo
sudo yum clean all
sudo yum -y install nvidia-driver-latest-dkms cuda

nvidia-smi

(3) 编译ffmpeg的准备工作

(i) 库说明

• x264 编码H.264视频，编译参数–enable-gpl --enable-libx264
• fdk-aac 编码AAC音频，编译参数–enable-libfdk-aac
• libvpx VP8/VP9视频编码器，编译参数–enable-libvpx
• libvorbis 编码Vorbis音频，需要libogg。编译参数–enable-libvorbis
• libopus 编码Opus音频。
• LAME 编码MP3音频，编译参数–enable-libmp3lame
• libass 字幕渲染器，编译参数–enable-libass

(ii) 下载路径

mkdir ~/ffmpeg_sources

(iii) 配置库

yasm

cd ~/ffmpeg_sources
curl -L -O http://www.tortall.net/projects/yasm/releases/yasm-1.3.0.tar.gz
tar xvzf yasm-1.3.0.tar.gz
cd yasm-1.3.0
./configure --prefix=”/usr”
make
sudo make install

nasm

curl -L -O http://www.nasm.us/pub/nasm/releasebuilds/2.14.02/nasm-2.14.02.tar.xz
tar xf nasm-2.14.02.tar.xz
cd nasm-2.14.02
./configure --prefix=”/usr”
make
sudo make install

libfdk-aac

git clone --depth 1 git://git.code.sf.net/p/opencore-amr/fdk-aac
cd fdk-aac
sudo autoreconf -fiv
./configure --prefix="/usr" --disable-shared
make
sudo make install

lame

curl -L -O http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/lame/lame/3.99/lame-3.99.5.tar.gz
tar xzvf lame-3.99.5.tar.gz
cd lame-3.99.5
./configure --prefix="/usr" --disable-shared --enable-nasm
make
sudo make install

libopus

curl -L -O https://archive.mozilla.org/pub/opus/opus-1.2.tar.gz
tar xvzf opus-1.2.tar.gz
cd opus-1.2
./configure --prefix="/usr" --disable-shared
make
sudo make install

libogg

curl -L -O http://downloads.xiph.org/releases/ogg/libogg-1.3.2.tar.gz
tar xzvf libogg-1.3.2.tar.gz
cd libogg-1.3.2
./configure --prefix="/usr" --disable-shared
make
sudo make install

libvorbis

curl -L -O http://downloads.xiph.org/releases/vorbis/libvorbis-1.3.4.tar.gz
tar xzvf libvorbis-1.3.4.tar.gz
cd libvorbis-1.3.4
./configure --prefix="/usr" --with-ogg="/usr" --disable-shared
make
sudo make install

libtheora

git clone git://git.xiph.org/mirrors/theora.git theora-git
cd theora-git
PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/lib/pkgconfig ./autogen.sh --prefix=/usr --disable-examples --disable-shared --disable-sdltest --disable-vorbistest && make && make install

libx265

sudo yum install hg cmake
hg clone http://hg.videolan.org/x265
cd x265/build/linux
sudo cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="/usr" -DENABLE_SHARED:bool=off ../../source
make
sudo make install
vim /usr/lib/pkgconfig/x265.pc

加上：在Libs.private: -lstdc++ -lm -lrt -ldl后面加上-lpthread

x264

curl -L -O http://download.videolan.org/pub/x264/snapshots/last_x264.tar.bz2
tar xjvf last_x264.tar.bz2
cd x264-snapshot-20170625-2245/
./configure --prefix="/usr" --enable-static
make
sudo make install

disable-gpl

./configure --prefix="/usr" --enable-static --disable-gpl --disable-opencl
make
sudo make install

安装ffnvcodec

git clone https://git.videolan.org/git/ffmpeg/nv-codec-headers.git
cd nv-codec-headers
make && sudo make install

libvpx

VP8/VP9 video encoder.

git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/webmproject/libvpx.git
cd libvpx
./configure --prefix="/usr" --disable-examples --disable-unit-tests --as=yasm
make
sudo make install

https

wget http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/openssl/source/old/1.0.2/openssl-1.0.2k.tar.gz
tar -xvf openssl-1.0.2k.tar.gz
cd openssl-1.0.2k
make clean
./config shared --prefix="/usr"
make -j32 && make install

(4) 配置ffmpeg, 编译安装

(i) 下载

git clone https://git.ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg.git
git clone https://github.com/libav/libav

(ii) 配置

PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/lib/pkgconfig" 
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH
cd ffmpeg
./configure --prefix="/usr" --pkg-config-flags="--static" --enable-gpl --enable-libfdk-aac --enable-libfreetype --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopus --enable-libtheora --enable-libxvid --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-nonfree --extra-cflags="-I/usr/local/cuda/include/" --extra-ldflags=-L/usr/local/cuda/lib64 --disable-shared --enable-nvenc --enable-cuda --enable-cuvid --enable-libnpp --enable-pthreads --enable-openssl

我实际编译去掉了–enable-libfdk-aac enable-libxvid

(iii) 编译

make -j 10

(iv) 安装

make install

(5) 使用示例

ffmpeg -hwaccel cuvid -c:v h264_cuvid -i "rtsp://admin:adminpassword@ip:554/cam/realmonitor?channel=1&subtype=0&unicast=true&proto=Onvif"   -c:v h264_nvenc -an  -preset slow -tune film  -f flv rtmp://rtmpip:port/live/v_test```

三、nginx的rtmp/flv模块安装

1. CentOS7环境

(1) 安装nginx-http-flv-module模块

A. 通过nginx.conf

yum install https://extras.getpagespeed.com/release-el$(rpm -E %{rhel})-latest.rpm
yum install nginx-module-flv

• 安装完毕后，HTTP-FLV功能的配置文件http-flv.conf和RTMP功能的配置文件rtmp.conf会被放在/etc/nginx/http-flv目录下
• 通过include手工将它们添加到/etc/nginx/nginx.conf，以开启HTTP-FLV和RTMP功能：

http {
    ...
    include /etc/nginx/http-flv/http-flv.conf;
}

include /etc/nginx/http-flv/rtmp.conf;
# 添加以下配置到/etc/nginx/nginx.conf，启动或者重启NGINX来启用本模块：

load_module modules/ngx_http_flv_live_module.so;
# 注意
# 上述的配置必须位于events配置项之前，否则NGINX不能启动。

# 更新可以通过yum update来完成。关于其他NGINX模块的详情见GetPageSpeed。

B. 源码编译安装

cd root
git clone https://github.com/winshining/nginx-http-flv-module
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz 
tar -zxvf nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz 
cd nginx-1.8.1 
./configure --add-module=/root/nginx-http-flv-module  --with-http_ssl_module   
make && make install

(2) 安装 nginx-rtmp-module

# 下载nginx-rtmp-module
git clone https://github.com/arut/nginx-rtmp-module.git
# 编译安装nginx
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz 
tar -zxvf nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz 
cd nginx-1.8.1 
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx  --add-module=../nginx-rtmp-module  --with-http_ssl_module   
make && make install
# 设置nginx
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

nginx.conf内容

worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    server {
        listen       809;
        server_name  localhost;
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
}    
rtmp {
        out_queue 4096;
        out_cork 8;
        max_streams 4096;
        server {
            listen 90;

            drop_idle_publisher 30s;

            application live {
                live on;
            }
        }
    }

# 启动nginx
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# 如果要卸载
# 如果有自启动，则删除 Nginx 的自启动
chkconfig nginx off
服务 nginx 信息读取出错：没有那个文件或目录
# 查找nginx的安装目录
whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/local/nginx
# 停止nginx服务
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
# 删除安装目录
rm -rf /usr/local/nginx/
# 查找是否还有残余的
find / -name nginx
/usr/local/lib64/nginx-1.15.7/objs/nginx
rm -rf /usr/local/lib64/nginx-1.15.7/

2. windows环境安装nginx-rtmp

(1) 下载

官方的nginx不带rtmp模块，在下面地址可下载windows版本的nginx+rtmp:
https://github.com/illuspas/nginx-rtmp-win32
使用：nginx-rtmp-win32-1.2.1.zip

(2) 配置文件

nginx.conf

worker_processes  1;
error_log  logs/error.log debug;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
rtmp_auto_push on;
rtmp_auto_push_reconnect 1s;
rtmp_socket_dir /tmp;
rtmp {
    out_queue 4096;
    out_cork 8;
    max_streams 4096;
    server {
        listen 90;


        drop_idle_publisher 30s;
		
        application live {
            live on;
        }
		
      
    }
}

http {
    server {
        listen      80;
		
        location / {
            root html;
        }
		
        location /stat {
            rtmp_stat all;
            rtmp_stat_stylesheet stat.xsl;
        }

        location /stat.xsl {
            root html;
        }
		
       
    }
}

/tmp需要有可写权限。

上面示例中的推流/拉流地址
http://ip:90/live/test

四、测试

# 推流测试
ffmpeg -hwaccel cuvid -c:v h264_cuvid -i "视频资源源地址"  -c:v h264_nvenc -an  -crf 20 -b:a 96k -b:v 2048k -preset medium -tune animation -vf scale_npp=1024:-1 -f flv rtmp://ip:90/live/test
# 拉流测试
使用VLC Media Player打开网址： rtmp://ip:90/live/test